Assignment for you Journal Entries Journal Entries

Journal Entries







Journal Entries
Analyzing transactions and recording them as journal entries is the first step in the accounting cycle. It begins at the start of an accounting period and continues during the whole period. Transaction analysis is a process that determines whether a particular business event has an economic effect on the assets, liabilities, or equity of the business. It also involves ascertaining the magnitude of the transaction i.e. its currency value.
After analyzing transactions, accountants classify and record the events having economic effects via journal entries according to debit-credit rules. Frequent journal entries are usually recorded in specialized journals, for example, sales journals and purchases journals. The rest are recorded in a general journal.
The following example illustrates how to record journal entries:
Example
Company A was incorporated on January 1, 2014, with an initial capital of 5,000 shares of common stock having a $20 par value. During the first month of its operations, the company engaged in following transactions:
DateTransaction
Jan 2An amount of $36,000 was paid as advance rent for three months.
Jan 3Paid $60,000 cash on the purchase of equipment costing $80,000. The remaining amount was recognized as a one-year note payable with an interest rate of 9%.
Jan 4Purchased office supplies costing $17,600 on the account.
Jan 13Provided services to its customers and received $28,500 in cash.
Jan 13Paid the accounts payable on the office supplies purchased on January 4.
Jan 14Paid wages to its employees for the first two weeks of January, aggregating $19,100.
Jan 18Provided $54,100 worth of services to its customers. They paid $32,900 and promised to pay the remaining amount.
Jan 23Received $15,300 from customers for the services provided on January 18.
Jan 25Received $4,000 as an advance payment from customers.
Jan 26Purchased office supplies costing $5,200 on the account.
Jan 28Paid wages to its employees for the third and fourth week of January: $19,100.
Jan 31Paid $5,000 as dividends.
Jan 31Received electricity bill of $2,470.
Jan 31Received telephone bill of $1,494.
Jan 31Miscellaneous expenses paid during the month totaled $3,470
The following table shows the journal entries for the above events.
DateAccountDebitCredit
Jan 1Cash100,000
Common Stock100,000
Jan 2Prepaid Rent36,000
Cash36,000
Jan 3Equipment80,000
Cash60,000
Notes Payable20,000
Jan 4Office Supplies17,600
Accounts Payable17,600
Jan 13Cash28,500
Service Revenue28,500
Jan 13Accounts Payable17,600
Cash17,600
Jan 14Wages Expense19,100
Cash19,100
Jan 18Cash32,900
Accounts Receivable21,200
Service Revenue54,100
Jan 23Cash15,300
Accounts Receivable15,300
Jan 25Cash4,000
Unearned Revenue4,000
Jan 26Office Supplies5,200
Accounts Payable5,200
Jan 28Wages Expense19,100
Cash19,100
Jan 31Dividends5,000
Cash5,000
Jan 31Electricity Expense2,470
Utilities Payable2,470
Jan 31Telephone Expense1,494
Utilities Payable1,494
Jan 31Miscellaneous Expense3,470
Cash3,470
At the end of the period, all the journal for the period are posted to the ledger accounts.
សេចក្តីពន្យល់បន្ថែម៖
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 1 : ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានលក់បណ្ណភាគហ៊ុនដើម្បីទទួលបានទុនសំរាប់ក្រុមហ៊ុនរបស់ខ្លួន 5,000 ប័ណ្ណ ដែលមាន តំលៃលើផ្ទៃមុខនៃប័ណ្ណ 20$ ក្នុងមួយសន្លឹកប័ណ្ណ ។ ដូច្នេះ 5,000 shares x 20$ = 100,000 $.
មានន័យថាៈ ក្រុមហ៊ុនទទួលបានប្រាក់បណ្តាក់ទុនពីអ្នកវិនិយោគ 100,000 $ នឹងកើនទុនវិនិយោគជា Common Stock 100,000 $ ។ ដូច្នេះ ប្រតិបត្តិការនេះមានន័យថា គណនីសាច់ប្រាក់កើន 100,000$ (Debit) នឹង គណនីទុន កើន 100,000$ (Credit).
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 2 : ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានចំណាយប្រាក់បង់មុន បីខែសំរាប់ការជួលការិយាល័យសំរាប់បើកក្រុមហ៊ុនចំនួន 36,000$។
មានន័យថាៈ ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានថយសាច់ប្រាក់របស់ខ្លួនចំនួន 36,000$(Credit) តែក្រុមហ៊ុនមានការកើនឡើងនូវកិច្ចសន្យាជួល រយៈពេល បីខែចំនួន 36,000$ (Debit)
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 3 : ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានចំណាយប្រាក់ដើម្បីទិញឧបករណ៍សំរាប់ក្រុមហ៊ុនដែលមានតំលៃ 80,000$ ប៉ុន្តែការទិញនេះក្រុមហ៊ុនបានទូទាត់លុយភ្លាមៗជូនអ្នកលក់តែ 60,000$ ទេ ចំណែកដែលនៅសល់ 20,000$ ទៀតក្រុមហ៊ុនបានជំពាក់អ្នកលក់ដោយមានសរសេរជាប័ណ្ណសន្យាសងរយៈពេល ១ឆ្នាំ ជាមួយអត្រាការប្រាក់ 9%.
មានន័យថាៈ ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានថយសាច់ប្រាក់របស់ខ្លួនចំនួន 60,000$(Credit) តែក្រុមហ៊ុនទទួលបានអចលកម្ម (ឧបករណ៍) ដែលមានតំលៃ 80,000$ (Debit) នឹង គណនីបំណុល 20,000$ (Credit).
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 4៖ ស្រដៀងគ្នានឹង ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 3 ដែរ តែក្រុមហ៊ុនបានទិញសំភារៈការិយាល័យ 17,600$ ដោយជំពាក់ទាំងអស់។ ដូចនេះ គណនីទ្រព្យ (Office Supplies) កើន 17,600$ (Debit) នឹង គណនីបំណុលកើន 17,600$ (Credit).
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 13: ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានរកចំណូលពីសេវាកម្មរបស់ខ្លួនបានសាច់ប្រាក់សុទ្ធចំនួន 28,500$. ដូចនេះគណនីទ្រព្យ (Cash) កើន 28,500$ (Debit) នឹង គណនីចំណូល (Service Revenue) កើន 28,500$ (Credit).
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 13: ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានសងថ្លៃទិញសំភារៈការិយាល័យដែលបានទិញកាលពី Jan 4 ចំនួន 17,600$. ដូចនេះ គណនីទ្រព្យ (Cash) ថយ (Credit) នឹងគណនីបំណុល(Account Payable) ថយ 17,600$.
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 14: ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានបើកប្រាក់ឈ្នួលពីរអាទិត្យដំបូងនៃខែ Jan ជូនបុគ្គលិកចំនួន 19,100 $. ដូចនេះ
គណនីចំណាយ (Wage Expense) កើន 19,600$ (Debit) នឹង គណនីទ្រព្យ (Cash) ថយចុះ 19,600$ (Credit).
ប្រតិបត្តិការៈ Jan 18: ក្រុមហ៊ុនបានរកចំណូលបានពីសេវាកម្មរបស់ខ្លួនជូនអតិថិជន ចំនួន 54,100 $ ប៉ុន្តែក្រុមហ៊ុនទទួលបានសាច់ប្រាក់ទូទាត់ពីអតិថិជនតែ 32,900 $ ចំណែកដែលនៅសល់អតិថិជនសន្យាសងនៅពេលក្រោយ។ ដូចនេះគណនីទ្រព្យ (Cash) កើន 32,900 $ (Debit) គណនីចំណូល(Service Revenue) កើន 54,100$ នឹងគណនីត្រូវទទួល (Account Receivable ) កើន 21,200$.
   ចំណាំ៖ រាល់ប្រត្តិបត្តិការណ៍ដែលមាន គឺដាច់ខាត ត្រូវតែចំនួននៅខាង Debit = Credit (Double Entries Rule)
              – Assets(ទ្រព្យ)៖ Cash, Prepaid Rent, Equipment, Office Supplies,—– កើនកត់ខាង Debit ថយខាងCredit
              – Expenses (ចំណាយ)៖ Wage Expense, Telephone Expense, Miscellaneous Expense,—-  កើនកត់ខាង Debit ថយខាងCredit
             – Equity (ទុន)៖ កើនកត់ខាង Credit នឹង ថយ កត់ខាង Debit

Summary of steps to record a transaction

1 – Identify the item that is affected.
2 – Consider whether they are being increased or Decreased.
3 – Decide whether each account should be debited or credited.
4 – Check that a debit entry and a credit entry have been made and they are both for the same amount.

ចូរចងចាំ
1- ការកត់ត្រាប្រតិបត្តិការណ៍សាច់ប្រាក់ (Recording Cash Transaction)
ប្រតិបត្តិការណ៍ជាសាច់ប្រាក់ គឺជាប្រតិបត្តិការណ៍ទាំងឡាយណាដែលកើតឡើងដោយមានការទូរទាត់ រឺការទទួលយកសាច់ប្រាក់ភ្លាមៗ ។
ការទូទាត់ជា មូលប្បទានប៍ត្រ រឺជាវិក័យបត្រ ក៏ត្រូវបានគេចាត់ទុកថាជាប្រតិបត្តការណ៍សាច់ប្រាក់ដែរ ។
2 – ការកត់ត្រាការលក់ រឺ ការទិញដោយជំពាក់ (Recording credit sales and purchases)
ការលក់ រឺ ការទិញដោយជំពាក់គឺជាប្រតិបត្តិការណ៍ទាំងឡាយណា ដែលទំនិញ ឬ សេវាកម្ម ត្រូវបានដោះដូរភ្លាមៗ ប៉ុន្តែការ ទូទាត់ពុំទាន់បានធ្វើឡើងភ្លាមៗនោះទេ គឺត្រូវបានធ្វើការទូទាត់នៅថ្ងៃអនាគតណាមួយ ។

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